Mastering Bronchoscopy for Thoracic Surgery: Chapter 1
Highlights
- in the early embryonic stages arrangement of the bronchial segments was symmetrical: left side was a mirror image of the right the right side had 10 bronchial segments and 2 fissures (View Highlight)
- the heart displaces the left middle lobe up rotating the medial and lateral segments into superior and inferior segmental arrangement of the lingula (View Highlight)
- squeezed for space the bronchi delay their branching to a little longer to a more distal location. As a result the left main bronchus is now longer than the right main bronchus and with a more horizontal orientation (View Highlight)
- the hostile effect of the heart drawing into the left chest results in the left lung losing one segment and one fissure; two lobes are fused into one (View Highlight)